There are limitations of transcatheter procedures. Transcatheter valve replacement may now be a reasonable approach in some intermediate- and low-risk patients as well. The transcatheter approach was designed for older, sicker patients, who are expected to have a high risk of death or major complications after open heart surgery. This approach allows for faster recovery and quicker return to normal activities. Depending on which valve needs replacement, an artificial valve can also be implanted using a transcatheter approach-inserting a catheter into the heart through the femoral artery in the groin and implanting the valve through the catheter. Recently, a less invasive approach has been used. Historically, valve replacement surgery has been performed through a chest incision ( median sternotomy).
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